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Using Stata for Principles of Econometrics, 3rd Edition

by Lee C. Adkins and R. Carter Hill


   Using Stata for Principles of Econometrics, Third Edition, by Lee C. Adkins and R. Carter Hill, is a companion to the introductory econometrics textbook Principles of Econometrics, Third Edition. Adkins and Hill provide a quick introduction to using Stata’s menu system and command line before moving on to their many examples. Because the main textbook uses a learning-by-doing approach, this companion book is especially useful to emphasize more “doing”.

Using Stata for Principles of Econometrics, Third Edition, shows how to use Stata to reproduce examples from the main textbook and to interpret the output. The authors also provide important information needed to perform and understand econometric analyses.

Table of contents

Chapter 1 Introducing Stata

1.1 Starting Stata
1.2 The opening display
1.3 Exiting Stata
1.4 Stata data files for Principles of Econometrics
         1.4.1 A working directory
         1.4.2 Data definition files
1.5 Opening Stata data files
         1.5.1 The use command
         1.5.2 Using the toolbar
         1.5.3 Using files on the Internet
         1.5.4 Locating POE files on the Internet
1.6 The variables window
1.7 Describing the data and obtaining summary statistics
1.8 The Stata help system
         1.8.1 Using keyword search
         1.8.2 Using command search
         1.8.3 Opening a dialog box
1.9 Stata commands syntax
         1.9.1 Syntax of summarize
         1.9.2 Learning syntax using the review window
1.10 Saving your work
         1.10.1 Copying and pasting
         1.10.2 Using a log file
         1.10.3 Viewing a log file
         1.10.4 Translating a log file to a text file
         1.10.5 Using Stata commands for log files
1.11 Using the data browser
1.12 Using Stata graphics
         1.12.1 Histograms
         1.12.2 Scatter diagrams
1.13 Using Stata do-files
1.14 Creating and managing variables
         1.14.1 Creating (generating) new variables
         1.14.2 Using the expression builder
         1.14.3 Dropping or renaming a variable
         1.14.3 Using arithmetic operators
         1.14.5 Using Stata math functions
1.15 Using Stata density functions
         1.15.1 Cumulative distribution functions
         1.15.2 Inverse cumulative distribution functions
1.16 Using and displaying scalars
         1.16.1 Example of standard normal cdf
         1.16.2 Example of t-distribution tail-cdf
         1.16.3 Example of computing percentile of the standard normal
         1.16.4 Example of computing percentile of the t-distribution
         1.17 A scalar dialog box
Key terms
Chapter 1 Do-file 

 Chapter 2 Simple linear regression 

2.1 The flood expenditure data
         2.1.1 Starting a new problem
         2.1.2 Starting a log file
         2.1.3 Opening a Stata data file
         2.1.4 Browsing and listing the data
2.2 Computing summary statistics
2.3 Creating a scatter diagram
         2.3.1 Enhancing the plot
2.4 Regression
         2.4.1 Fitted values and residuals
         2.4.2 Computing an elasticity
         2.4.3 Plotting the fitted regression line
         2.4.4 Estimating the variance of the error term
         2.4.5 Viewing estimated variances and covariances
2.5 Using Stata to obtain predicted values
2.6 Saving the Stata data file and ending the session
Key Terms
Chapter 2 Do-file

 Chapter 3 Interval Estimation and Hypotheses Testing 

3.1 Interval estimates
        3.1.1 Critical values from the t-distribution
        3.1.2 Creating an interval estimate
3.2 Hypothesis tests
        3.2.1 Right tail test of significance
        3.2.2 Right tail test of an economic hypothesis
        3.2.3 Left tail test of an economic hypothesis
        3.2.4 Two tail test of an economic hypothesis
3.3 P-values
        3.3.1 P-value test of a right tail test
        3.3.2 P-value test of a left tail test
        3.3.3 P-value test of a two tail test
        3.3.4 P-values in Stata output
Key terms
Chapter 3 Do-file

 Chapter 4 Prediction, Goodness-of-Fit and Modeling Issues

          4.1 Least squares prediction
                  4.1.1 Editing the data
                  4.1.2 Estimate the regression and obtain post-estimation results
                  4.1.3 Creating the prediction interval
                  4.2 Measuring goodness-of-fit
                  4.2.1 Correlations and R2
          4.3 The effects of scaling and transforming the data
                  4.3.1 The reciprocal functional form
                  4.3.2 Editing graphs
                  4.3.3 The linear-log model
          4.4 Analyzing the residuals
                  4.4.1 The Jarque-Bera test
                  4.4.2 Chi-square distribution critical values
                  4.4.3 Chi-square distribution p-values
          4.5 Another empirical example
                  4.5.1 Examining the data
                  4.5.2 Estimating and checking the linear relationship
                  4.5.3 Estimating and checking a cubic equation
          4.6 Estimating a log-linear wage equation
                  4.6.1 The log-linear model
                  4.6.2 Calculating wage predictions
                  4.6.3 Constructing wage plots
                  4.6.4 Generalized R2
                  4.6.5 Prediction intervals in the log-linear model
Key Terms
Chapter 4 Do-file 

 Chapter 5 Multiple Linear Regression 

5.1 Big Andy’s burger barn
5.2 Prediction
5.3 Sampling precision
5.4 Confidence intervals
5.5 Hypothesis tests
5.6 Goodness-of-fit
Key Terms
Chapter 5: Do-file 

 Chapter 6 Further Inference in the Multiple Regression Model 

6.1 The F-test
6.2 Testing the significance of the model
6.3 An extended model
6.4 Testing some economic hypotheses
         6.4.1 Significance of advertising
         6.4.2 Optimal advertising
6.5 Nonsample information
6.6 Model specification
         6.6.1 Omitted variables
         6.6.2 Irrelevant variables
         6.6.3 Choosing the model
6.7 Poor data, collinearity and insignificance
Key Terms
Chapter 6 Do-File 

 Chapter 7 Nonlinear Relationships 

7.1 Nonlinear Relationships
         7.1.1 Summarize data and estimate regression
         7.1.2 Calculate marginal effect
         7.1.3 Plotting wage-experience profile
7.2 Dummy variables
         7.2.1 Creating dummy variables
         7.2.2 Using tabulate
         7.2.3 Estimating a dummy variable regression
         7.2.4 Testing the significance of the dummy variables
         7.2.5 Further calculations
7.3 Applying dummy variables
         7.3.1 Interactions between qualitative factors
         7.3.2 Adding regional dummies
         7.3.3 Testing the equivalence of two regressions
         7.3.4 Estimating separate regressions
7.4 Interactions between continuous variables
7.5 Dummy variables in log-linear models
Key Terms
Chapter 7 Do-file 

 Chapter 8 Heteroskedasticity 

8.1 The nature of heteroskedasticity
8.2 Using the least squares estimator
8.3 The generalized least squares estimator
         8.3.1 Transforming the model
         8.3.2 Estimating the variance function
         8.3.3 A Heteroskedastic partition
8.4 Detecting Heteroskedasticity
         8.4.1 Residual plots
         8.4.2 The Goldfeld-Quandt test
         8.4.3 Testing the variance function
         8.4.3a The White test
Key Terms
Chapter 8 Do-file

 Chapter 9 Dynamic Models, Autocorrelation, and Forecasting 

9.1 Lags in the error term: autocorrelation
9.2 Area response for sugar
9.3 Estimating an AR(1) model
        9.3.1 Least squares and HAC standard errors
        9.3.2 Nonlinear least squares
        9.3.3 A more general model
9.4 Detecting autocorrelation
9.5 Autoregressive models
9.6 Finite distributed lags
9.7 Autoregressive distributed lag models
Appendix
Key Terms
Chapter 9 Do-file 

 Chapter 10 Random Regressors and Moment Based Estimation

10.1 Least squares with simulated data
10.2 Instrumental variables estimation with simulated data
          10.2.1 IV estimation in two steps
          10.2.2 IV estimation in one step
          10.2.3 IV estimation with surplus instruments
10.3 The Hausman test: simulated data
10.4 Testing for weak instruments: simulated Stata
10.5 Testing the validity of surplus instruments
10.6 Estimation using the Mroz data
          10.6.1 Least squares regression
          10.6.2 Two-stage least squares
          10.6.3 Instrumental variables
          10.6.4 Instrumental variables estimation with surplus instruments
10.7 Testing the endogeneity of education
10.8 Testing for weak instruments
10.9 Testing the validity of surplus instruments
Key Terms
Chapter 10 Do-file

 Chapter 11 Simultaneous Equations Models 

11.1 Truffle supply and demand
11.2 Estimating the reduced form equations
11.3 2SLS estimates of truffle demand
11.4 2SLS estimates of truffle supply
11.5 Supply and demand of fish
11.6 Reduced forms for fish price and quantity

Chapter 12 Nonstationary Time Series Data and Cointegration
          12.1 Stationary and nonstationary data
          12.2 Spurious regressions
          12.3 Unit root tests for stationarity
          12.4 Integration and cointegration
          12.5 Engle-Granger test
          Key Terms
          Chapter 12 Do-file

 Chapter 13 An Introduction to Macroeconometrics: VEC and VAR Models

          13.1 VEC and VAR models
          13.2 Estimating a VEC model
          13.3 Estimating a VAR
          13.4 Impulse responses and variance decompositions
          Key Terms
          Chapter 13 Do-file

Chapter 14 An Introduction to Financial Econometrics: Time-Varying Volatility and ARCH models

          14.1 ARCH model and time-varying volatility
          14.2 Testing, estimating, and forecasting
          14.3 Extensions
                    14.3.1 GARCH
                    14.3.2 Threshold GARCH
                    14.3.3 GARCH-in-mean
          Key Terms
          Chapter 14 Do-file

Chapter 15 Panel Data models
           15.1 Sets of regression equations
           15.2 Seemingly unrelated regression
           15.3 The fixed effects model
                     15.3.1 A dummy variable
                     15.3.2 The fixed effects estimator
                     15.3.3 The fixed effects estimator for a microeconometric panel
           15.4 Random effects estimation
                     15.4.1 Breusch–Pagan test
                     15.4.2 Hausman test
            Key Terms
            Chapter 15 Do-file

Chapter 16 Qualitative and Limited Dependent Variable Models
            16.1 Models with binary dependent variables
            16.2 Multinomial logit
            16.3 Conditional logit
                       16.3.1 Release 9: clogit
                       16.3.2 Release 10: asclogit
            16.4 Ordered choice models
            16.5 Models for cont data
            16.6 Censored data models
                       16.6.1 Simulated data example
                       16.6.2 Mroz data example
            16.7 Selection bias
            Key Terms
            Chapter 16 Do-file

Appendix A Review of Math Essentials
            A.1 Stata math and logical operators
            A.2 Math functions
            A.3 Extensions to generate operations
            A.4 The calculator
            A.5 Scientific notation
            Key Terms

Appendix B Review of Probability
            B.1 Stata probability functions
            B.2 Binomial probability functions
            B.3 Normal probability calculations
            B.4 t-distribution probability calculations
            B.5 F-distribution probability calculations
            B.6 Chi-square distribution probability calculations
            Key Terms
            Appendix B Do-file

Appendix C Review of Statistical Inference
            C.1 Examining the hip data
                     C.1.1 Constructing a histogram
                     C.1.2 Obtaining summary statistics
                     C.1.3 Estimating the population mean
            C.2 Using simulated data values
            C.3 The central limit theorem
            C.4 Interval estimation
                     C.4.1 Using simulated data
                     C.4.2 Using the hip data
            C.5 Testing the mean of a normal population
                     C.5.1 Right rail test
                     C.5.2 Two tail test
            C.6 Testing the variance of a normal population
            C.7 Testing the equality of two normal population means
                     C.7.1 Population variances are equal
                     C.7.2 Population variances are unequal
            C.8 Testing the equality of two normal population variances
            C.9 Testing normality
            C.10 Maximum likelihood estimation
            Key Terms
            Appendix C Do-file

Index

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